What is Islam?
A comprehensive introduction to the faith of over 1.9 billion people worldwide, exploring its core beliefs, practices, and principles.
Quick Summary
Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in 7th century Arabia by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The word "Islam" means submission to God's will.
Core Beliefs (6 Articles of Faith)
- Belief in One God (Allah)
- Belief in Angels
- Belief in Divine Books
- Belief in Prophets
- Belief in Day of Judgment
- Belief in Divine Decree
Five Pillars of Practice
- Shahada (Declaration of Faith)
- Salah (Five Daily Prayers)
- Zakat (Charitable Giving)
- Sawm (Fasting in Ramadan)
- Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
Key Takeaway: Islam emphasizes the worship of one God, following the guidance of Prophet Muhammad, and living a life of moral excellence, compassion, and service to humanity.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Islam is the second-largest religion in the world, with over 1.9 billion followers worldwide. The word "Islam" comes from the Arabic root word "salama," which means peace, purity, submission, and obedience. In the religious context, Islam means submission to the will of God and obedience to His law. One who submits and surrenders to God is called a Muslim.
Founded in the early 7th century CE in Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Islam is a monotheistic faith that shares historical roots with Judaism and Christianity. Muslims believe that Islam is not a new religion but rather the final expression of the same essential message that God sent to humanity through all His prophets.
Core Beliefs
The Islamic faith is built upon six fundamental beliefs, often referred to as the "Articles of Faith." These core beliefs form the foundation of a Muslim's worldview and spiritual understanding:
Belief in One God (Allah)
Muslims believe in the absolute oneness of God (Allah in Arabic), who is unique, all-powerful, all-knowing, and without partners or equals. This concept is known as 'Tawhid' and is the most fundamental principle in Islam.
Belief in Angels
Muslims believe in the existence of angels, created by God from light. Angels are sinless beings who worship God and carry out His commands. Notable angels include Gabriel (who delivered revelations to prophets) and Michael.
Belief in Prophets
Muslims believe that God sent prophets to guide humanity. These include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all). Muslims believe Muhammad was the final prophet, completing God's message to humanity.
Belief in Divine Books
Muslims believe in the holy books revealed by God, including the Torah (to Moses), the Psalms (to David), the Gospel (to Jesus), and the Quran (to Muhammad). The Quran is considered the final, unaltered revelation from God.
Belief in the Day of Judgment
Muslims believe in the Day of Judgment when all people will be resurrected and held accountable for their actions. Those who have done good will be rewarded with Paradise, while those who have done evil will face punishment.
Belief in Divine Decree (Qadr)
Muslims believe that God has knowledge of all things and has recorded all that has happened and will happen. This belief in divine decree does not negate human free will but affirms that God's knowledge encompasses all choices.
Related Questions
Who is Allah in Islam?
Understanding the concept of God in Islam and His attributes according to Islamic theology.
What are the main differences between Islam and Christianity?
A comparative look at the core beliefs, practices, and theological differences between Islam and Christianity.
How do I become a Muslim?
The process of conversion to Islam, including the declaration of faith and next steps for new Muslims.
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